![]() ![]() Vitreous liquefaction overlying the thinned retina.Postmortem histologic studies of lattice lesions have exhibited three invariable findings : The etiology of lattice degeneration is unknown, though theories include developmental anomalies of the internal limiting membrane, embryologic vascular anastomosis, localized retinal ischemia, or the contention that it is a primary vitreopathy leading to the formation of abnormal vitreous traction. Wagner Syndrome may also present with lattice degeneration. This feature is not believed to be congenital, but rather, develops during childhood and progresses throughout life. Hereditary Vitreopathies: Stickler Syndromemay present with unique radial perivascular lattice-like degeneration.Nonetheless, lattice degeneration is frequently cited as a risk factor for development of RRD given its strong association with this entity. In one study, three out of 423 eyes (0.7%) with lattice degeneration developed clinical retinal detachments and sixteen (3.7%) developed subclinical retinal detachments. However, and importantly, the reverse is quite different: few eyes with lattice degeneration actually develop retinal detachments. Retinal Detachment: Approximately 20 to 30% of patients with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) have lattice degeneration.Myopia: The prevalence of lattice degeneration is greater in myopic eyes (33% in one study) compared to the general population (around 6-10%), which might at least partially explain the increased risk of retinal detachment in myopes.However, several classic associations exist: Lattice degeneration is most commonly found incidentally on routine ophthalmic examination. Lattice degeneration is a common condition that can be found in 6-8% of the general population though past histologic studies on autopsy suggest a prevalence as high as 10.7% Risk Factors The condition is associated with atrophic retinal holes, retinal tears, and retinal detachments. Broader, more systematic approaches are necessary not only to structure the past but also future findings.ĭisintegration mechanisms disintegrants excipients manufacturing techniques superdisintegrants.Lattice degeneration is a common peripheral retinal degeneration that is characterized by localized retinal thinning, overlying vitreous liquefaction, and marginal vitreoretinal adhesion. The use of different excipients, experimental setups and manufacturing techniques, as well as the demand for original research led to a distinct patchwork of knowledge. Other tablet excipients and different manufacturing techniques greatly influence the disintegration process. References of identified papers were screened as well.Įxperimental data supports swelling and shape recovery as main mechanisms of action of disintegrants. Search terms for Scopus and Web of Science included "tablet disintegration", "mechanism tablet disintegration", "superdisintegrants", "disintegrants", "swelling force", "disintegration force", "disintegration mechanisms", as well as brand names of commonly applied superdisintegrants. Potential disintegration mechanisms, as well as impact factors on the disintegration process will be discussed based on experimental evidence. In this review, the existing literature on tablet disintegration is critically reviewed. Tablet disintegrants act via different mechanisms and the efficacy of these excipients is influenced by various factors. ![]() Tablet disintegration is an important factor for drug release and can be modified with excipients called tablet disintegrants.
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